Anarşizm ve Coğrafya: Anarşist Coğrafyanın Kısa Bir Şeceresi
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Özet
Anarşizm ve Coğrafya, kimi zaman yoğun entelektüel ilişkiler kimi zaman ise tutarsızlık ve uyuşmazlık ile karakterize edilen, uzun ve birbirinden bağımsız bir tarihe sahiptir. Anarşist coğrafyanın tarihi gelişimini ele alan bu çalışma, modern anarşizmin gelişimini, aydınlanmanın ürünü olan bağımsız siyaset felsefesi içindeki ortaya çıkışından itibaren incelemektedir. Coğrafya disiplini, emperyalizmin cazibesine kapılmış olsa da coğrafyacıların anarşizm ile ilk temasları, özgürleştirici bir coğrafi bir vizyon geliştiren Élisée Reclus ve Peter Kropotkin sayesinde 19. yüzyıl sonlarında başlamıştır. 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısındaki savaş yıllarının reel politiği ve sonrasında coğrafyada gerçekleşen nicel devrim, anarşist coğrafyanın en zayıf olduğu dönemi temsil etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, anarşizm, coğrafi düşünce tarafından tamamıyla terkedilmedi ve 1970'lerin karşı-kültür hareketleri, anarşist fikirlere kayda değer bir ilgi gösteren radikal coğrafyayı doğurdu. Ne yazık ki 1980’ler ve 1990’ların başında neoliberal politikaların yükselişi sırasında bir başka düşüş yaşandı. Ancak umutlar tükenmedi ve 1990’ların sonundan itibaren küreselleşme karşıtı hareketler ve DIY2 kültürü anarşist coğrafyayı daha geniş bir dolaşım içine itti. Literatürü incelerken, coğrafi teoriyi bilgilendirmede ve daha da önemlisi “coğrafyanın özgürlüğünü” konuşan akademi dışı aktör ve topluluklarla daha fazla uygulamaya dönük dayanışma, karşılıklılık ve karşılıklı yardımlaşmayı arttırmada; coğrafyanın, disiplin sınırlarını aşmadaki gizli kapasitesi üzerinde anarşist coğrafyanın, süregelen ve çok çeşitli potansiyeli konusunda okuyucuları uyarmayı umdum. Anarşist teori, coğrafi bir teoridir. Richard Peet (1975: 43)
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