Beşeri Coğrafya: Değişen Disipliner Gündemin Politiği
Özet Görüntüleme: 307 / PDF İndirme: 155
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Beşeri coğrafya, Anglo-Amerikan coğrafyası, coğrafya tarihi, kantitatif devrim, radikal coğrafya, kültürel dönüşÖzet
Bu değerlendirmede, özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan bu yana Anglo-Amerikan dünyadaki değişen beşeri coğrafya pratiğine odaklanılmaktadır. Anglo-Amerikan beşeri coğrafyasındaki söz konusu altmış yıllık dönem disiplinin önceki yapısıyla karşılaştırıldığında hemen hemen tanınmayacak bir durumdadır. Bu süreçte öne çıkan ilk büyük değişim “kantitatif devrim” olarak bilinmektedir ve üç temel karakteristeğe sahiptir: Tanımlamada kesinlik, mekansal düzel arayışı ve bilim felsefesinin çeşitli konularıyla kurulan ilişki. 1970’li yıllarda, kısmen değişen sosyal bağlamın da etkisiyle beşeri coğrafyada ortaya çıkan ikinci büyük değişim ise “radikal alternatif”tir. Bu yeni yönelim, kantitatif coğrafya pratiğine karşı çıkarak sosyal ve ekonomik eşitsizlik, yoksulluk ve insan hakları gibi çeşitli konuları disiplinin gündemine sokmuştur. Özellikle 1980’lerden itibaren beşeri coğrafyada beliren üçüncü büyük değişim olan “kültürel dönüş” ise, disiplinin portfolyosuna önemli bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Ortak insani özelliklerin ve kültürün yaşamın önemli bir bölümünün temelini oluşturduğu ve aynı zamanda bunların mekansal yapılarda içerildiğine ilişkin bir farkındalılık sayesinde kültürel dönüş, birbirinden farklı tipteki coğrafi pratikler arasındaki bariyerleri yıkmaya yönelik bir arayışla hibrit bir anlayış üzerinde durmuştur. Bu gelişmelerle birlikte günümüz beşeri coğrafyacıları bir yandan mekansal analizciler ve sosyal teorisyenler olarak iki ana grupta yer alırken, diğer yandan da bir dizi gelenekle karakterize olan disiplin, çekişmeli ve çok-paradigmalı bir girişim haline gelmiştir
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